Computer graphics and animation, now familiar through film and video games, are also widely used in science and industry for computer-aided design and the graphical representation of data. In films, highly sophisticated computer graphics are widely used in the creation of special effects. One of the earliest instances of this is the 1982 Disney film Tron, in which computer-generated imagery (CGI) was extensively used. A full 15 minutes of the film consists of moving images generated entirely by computer. In addition to this, there are over 200 scenes in the film that utilize computer-generated backgrounds. Since then, CGI has become such an integral part of the film world that several major movies have been based entirely on computer graphics.
Before the 1960s there was no such thing as computer graphics. At that time, computers operated in batch mode and there was no interaction between the user and the computer, other than the initial submission of a job and the final collection of the results. This situation changed radically in 1962 with the development of a software program called Sketchpad by Ivan Sutherland. This was the first instance of a user interface based on graphics and it paved the way for computers to be used as aids in the production of drawings and images.
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